Jennifer Cagandahan, born in 1981, has congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a condition where she possesses both male and female congenital organs. Genetically female, her body secretes male hormones, preventing normal development of female organs. She petitioned to change her name from Jennifer to Jeff and her sex from female to male on her birth certificate.

The Regional Trial Court (RTC) granted Jennifer's petition, acknowledging her medically proven condition and male identity. The Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) appealed to the Supreme Court, seeking to overturn the RTC's decision.

The central question before the Supreme Court was whether Jennifer was entitled to change her sex and name due to her medical condition, intersexuality.

The Supreme Court denied the OSG's petition, affirming the RTC's decision. Despite arguments that the petition didn't comply with court rules, the Supreme Court recognized intersexuality, stating that for naturally intersex individuals, the determining factor for sex should be the individual's self-perception upon reaching majority. The court respected Jennifer's choice not to undergo surgery, unlike cases involving sex alteration, concluding that Jennifer could change her name and sex due to her natural condition.