Lee Kuan Yew: In His Own Words | The ideas, values and career of Singapore's first Prime Minister

On August 31st, 1963, two weeks before Singapore's merger with Malaya, Lee Kuan Yew expressed optimism for the new nation of Malaysia. However, deep political and economic differences led to Singapore's separation from the Federation on August 9th, 1965. Lee described this moment as one of anguish, as he had long believed in the merger for the unity of the territories, connected by geography, economics, and kinship. He reassured Singapore's Malay community about multiracialism, vowing to achieve it within Singapore despite its failure in a larger Malaysia.

Amidst doubts from the international community about Singapore's survivability, Lee Kuan Yew boldly declared that Singapore, though small, would make itself a 'strong shooting stick' made of steel. He expressed unwavering confidence in Singaporeans' resolve, emphasizing a long-term vision of centuries, not just elections. He likened Singapore's toughness to a durian, difficult to squeeze and full of valuable ingredients. This resolve was tested when the British announced their military withdrawal in 1967, prompting Singapore to accelerate its own defense capabilities and industrialization.

As Singapore entered the 1970s, strategic investments in labor-intensive industries brought rapid economic growth, transforming a labor surplus into a shortage and leading to higher wages. Lee Kuan Yew emphasized the spirit of personal and social responsibility. Despite his party's overwhelming electoral victories in 1972 and 1976, he acknowledged protest votes stemming from the rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization, which altered lives and livelihoods. He also championed multiracialism and English as the primary language to foster national unity and economic competitiveness.

The 1980s marked a period of significant progress for Singapore, symbolized by the opening of Changi Airport. Lee Kuan Yew stressed the importance of 'productivity' – the cooperative and efficient use of resources to produce high-quality goods. He demonstrated his firm leadership during a pilots' strike, delivering an ultimatum that ensured the airline's stability. Reflecting on nation-building, Lee highlighted the necessity of courage and resolution in overcoming crises, believing that only a people willing to face problems and work with their leaders deserve to thrive.

By the mid-1980s, Singapore's economic success brought Lee Kuan Yew international recognition as a statesman, leading to his address to the U.S. Congress in 1985. Back home, Singapore celebrated milestones like the clean rivers program and the launch of the MRT system, which significantly improved the quality of life. Lee urged Singaporeans not to take their newfound comfort for granted, reminding them of the 'dark moments' and the collective effort behind their success. He emphasized that the people's support was crucial in overcoming challenges and building the nation.

In 1990, Lee Kuan Yew transitioned power to Goh Chok Tong, becoming Singapore's second Prime Minister, while Lee remained in cabinet as Senior Minister. He continued to participate in public discourse, engaging with youth and offering insights on Singapore's future and global challenges. He underscored the importance of developing human potential, especially in the information age, and the critical role of dedicated MPs. Lee's consistent message was that good governance requires effective leadership, continuity, and the grace to transition power.

As Singapore entered the 2000s, facing challenges like the Asian financial crisis and the SARS outbreak, Lee Kuan Yew inspired the nation to reinvent itself and stay relevant. He advocated for expanding the internationally traded services sector and embracing change. During the SARS crisis, he personally experienced the fear and uncertainty but urged Singaporeans to remain united and sensible, emphasizing competitiveness over xenophobia. He rallied the nation against pessimism, reminding them of the national pledge's power as a testament to their unity and resilience.

In 2004, Lee's son, Lee Hsien Loong, became Prime Minister, and Lee Kuan Yew took on the role of Minister Mentor, continuing to guide younger ministers and contribute to policy debates. He argued for building integrated resorts to make Singapore an exciting global city, challenging the perception of a 'neat and tidy' but unexciting image. Internationally, he commanded respect for his insights, showcasing Singapore's success as a thriving economy with safety and order. He constantly emphasized Singapore's vulnerability and the need for vigilance, diplomacy, and a strong defense to maintain its prosperity.

Lee Kuan Yew frequently reflected on the hard work that established Singapore's reputation as an efficient city-state with good governance. He highlighted how policies conceptualized in the early years bore fruit, attracting investors through meticulous planning and maintenance, even down to airport greenery. He served as a Member of Parliament until his passing in 2015, dedicating 56 years to Singapore's service. The video concludes with his hopeful message to future generations, encouraging them to pursue their dreams with courage and determination, ensuring a 'joyous and exhilarating ride'.