INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY - OUTCOMES (4th) FOURTH QUARTER GRADE 7 MATATAG TAGALOG MATH TUTORIAL

Probability is a branch of mathematics that quantifies uncertainty and chance, with applications in statistics, science, and decision-making. It measures the likelihood of events, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). Key terms include experiment, outcome, sample space, event, and favorable outcomes.

An experiment is an action with unpredictable results (e.g., tossing a coin, rolling a die). An outcome is a single possible result of an experiment (e.g., heads or tails). The sample space (S) is the set of all possible outcomes. An event (E) is a specific subset of outcomes from the sample space (e.g., rolling an even number on a die). Favorable outcomes are the elements within an event.

This section includes practice exercises to identify the experiment, outcome, sample space, and event in various scenarios, such as spinning a three-colored spinner, drawing a numbered card, or picking an item from a box of mixed fruits and vegetables.

When tossing two coins, methods like systematic listing or tree diagrams can be used to determine all possible outcomes (HH, HT, TH, TT). If the event is that both coins turn up the same, the favorable outcomes are HH and TT.

Using a tree diagram, all possible outcomes for tossing a coin and rolling a die can be listed (H1-H6, T1-T6). If the event involves tossing a tail and rolling an odd number, the favorable outcomes are T1, T3, and T5.

A table is employed for systematic listing to enumerate all three-digit numbers formed using digits 1, 2, and 3 with repetition allowed. There are 27 such combinations. A follow-up question identifies outcomes where digits are not repeated (123, 132, 213, 231, 312, 321).

A table is used to list all 36 possible outcomes when rolling two fair dice. The favorable outcomes for getting a sum of eight are then identified: (2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), and (6,2).

Using a tree diagram, meal combinations from two rice types (plain, garlic) and three dishes (daing na bangus, tinola, sinigang na isda) are determined, resulting in six possible combinations. Four of these combinations include fish.