Computer Characteristics, Functions, Ethics, and Commandments

Computers have become indispensable in modern life, impacting farming, healthcare, communication, and education. They are used for various operations such as billing, record-keeping, and entertainment. Computer characteristics include being electronic, programmable, and capable of numerous applications, from aiding farmers in crop management to facilitating online learning and medical communication.

The five major functions of a computer are taking data and instructions from a user (input), processing that data according to instructions (process), displaying the results (output), storing data, and retrieving stored data. These are collectively known as IPOSR.

Computers offer significant advantages such as incredible speed (calculations in microseconds or nanoseconds), high accuracy due to consistent performance, diligence (free from fatigue and maintaining performance over long periods), versatility (performing diverse tasks like word processing, calculations, and entertainment), and large storage capacity through primary and secondary memory devices.

Despite their many benefits, computers have disadvantages. They lack independent intelligence ("No IQ") and require explicit instructions to perform tasks. They also have "No Feeling," meaning they lack emotions, taste, or experience, treating all users and commands impersonally. Furthermore, computers are highly dependent on programs and electricity; they cannot function without specific software and are susceptible to errors or shutdowns due to power fluctuations.

Computer ethics, a branch of philosophy dealing with right and wrong in computing, became crucial as computers became widespread. Problems arose from the absence of ethical standards, addressing issues like internet privacy, cracking, and copyright infringement. Norbert Wiener introduced the concept in 1950. Many ethical rules have evolved into national and international laws, with computer crimes and fraud being common terms. It is essential for everyone to understand these ethical principles and laws.

A set of ten guidelines outlines ethical computer use: 1) Do not use a computer to harm others. 2) Do not interfere with others' computer work. 3) Do not snoop in others' computer files. 4) Do not use a computer to steal. 5) Do not use a computer to bear false witness. 6) Do not copy or use proprietary software without payment. 7) Do not use others' computer resources without authorization or compensation. 8) Do not appropriate others' intellectual output (avoid plagiarism). 9) Consider the social consequences of programs you write or systems you design. 10) Always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for fellow humans.