How a bill become a law in the Philippines

Senate Review and Bicameral Conference Committee00:03:31

The Senate can concur with the House bill. If there are disagreements, a bicameral conference committee is formed with representatives from both chambers. This committee harmonizes differences, creating an amended or new version for ratification by both the House and the Senate.

Third Reading and Transmission to the Senate00:03:03

During the second reading, all members vote to approve the bill in its final form. At least three days before the third reading, printed copies are distributed for review. In the third reading, members vote on its approval. An approved bill is then transmitted to the Senate.

Introduction to Lawmaking in the Philippines00:00:13

A law in the Philippines starts as a bill filed in Congress, undergoes a specific process, and culminates with presidential consideration. Once signed, the bill becomes law. This process involves the bicameral Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

The First Reading and Committee Action00:01:28

After a bill is filed, it undergoes three readings. The first reading introduces the bill to the plenary and refers it to the appropriate committee. Committees, composed of a limited number of House members, deliberate on the bill's provisions, bring in experts, and make necessary edits. The outcome is a committee report, which is voted upon.

Second Reading: Plenary Deliberation and Amendments00:02:11

An approved committee report is referred to the Committee on Rules for scheduling at the plenary level. The main proponent sponsors the bill, defends it against interpellations from fellow members, and addresses questions regarding its necessity, solutions, and constitutionality. Members can propose amendments before the bill proceeds to the second reading.

Presidential Action and Law Effectivity00:04:09

Once ratified, the bill is enrolled, signed by key congressional officials, and sent to the president. The president can sign it into law, sign it with vetoed items (rejecting specific provisions), or veto it outright. A signed bill becomes law and takes effect after its publication in the Official Gazette or a newspaper of general circulation.