Articulações: Sinartroses, Anfiartroses e Sinoviais - Classificação e movimentos - VideoAula 035

The video introduces the classification of joints based on two main criteria: the uniting tissue between bones and the permitted movements in each joint. Three main types are presented: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses (synovial joints).

Synarthroses are united by fibrous tissue, amphiarthroses by cartilage or fibrocartilage, and diarthroses (synovial joints) by an articular capsule containing synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant.

Synarthroses are characterized by their fibrous tissue union, which makes them very rigid and prevents movement between the bones. Examples include sutures in the skull and syndesmoses in the forearm (radius and ulna) and lower leg (tibia and fibula). These joints are crucial for preventing bone separation.

Amphiarthroses allow limited movement due to being united by cartilage or fibrocartilage. Cartilaginous joints (synchondroses) are found in areas like the sternum and ribs, enabling slight expansion for breathing. Fibrocartilaginous joints (symphyses), like the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs, offer strong resistance to impact.

Diarthroses, also known as synovial joints, are the most complex, featuring an articular capsule with synovial fluid that lubricates and allows for extensive movement. These joints are found in the limbs and vertebral column, enabling a wide range of motion. They are further classified into six types based on their shape, including spheroid, trochoid, ginglymus, ellipsoid, sellar, and planar joints.