Summary
Highlights
The second stage is expulsion, from full cervical dilation until the baby is fully delivered, which can last from 20 minutes to two hours. The third and final stage is delivery of the placenta and umbilical cord, usually lasting about thirty minutes.
Pregnancy begins with fertilization in the fallopian tube, where a sperm and an egg unite to form a single cell called a zygote. This zygote already contains all the genetic material determining the child's characteristics.
Approximately 24 hours after fertilization, the zygote begins to divide, forming an embryo. The embryo then travels to the uterus and implants itself in the endometrium, a process called nidation. Subsequently, the amniotic sac and placenta develop, with the placenta facilitating exchanges between the mother and the embryo.
After 9 weeks, the embryo becomes a fetus, measuring about 5 cm. Its organs are in place and continue to mature. The fetus grows steadily, and by the 7th month, it gains over 200g per week. As space in the uterus decreases, the fetus moves into a head-down position in preparation for birth.
Labor, the process accompanying childbirth, generally involves three stages. The first is dilation, where uterine contractions push the baby against the cervix, causing it to dilate, often accompanied by the breaking of the amniotic sac. This stage can last 6 to 12 hours.
Throughout pregnancy, regular medical follow-ups are crucial. These appointments, including blood tests, ultrasounds, and gestational diabetes screening, help monitor the mother's and baby's health, detect potential complications, and ensure a healthy pregnancy.