Summary
Highlights
Genre is a method of classifying texts based on their expected conventions. Examples like Star Wars as sci-fi or Zombieland as a zombie film demonstrate initial straightforward categorization. However, the true complexity lies in the fact that genres are not static lists of conventions.
Genres evolve, borrowing and adapting over time. Steve Neale's 1980s work on genre emphasizes that genres are instances of repetition and difference. Texts must conform to some conventions to belong to a genre, which satisfies audience familiarity and provides safety for producers. However, there must also be differences to maintain audience interest and the genre's vitality, preventing it from becoming stale with carbon copies.
The superhero genre serves as an excellent example of this evolution. In the early 2000s, films like Tobey Maguire's Spider-Man defined the genre with clear-cut heroes, pantomime villains, dramatic backdrops, and vibrant colors, closely mirroring traditional comic books. X-Men, while featuring costumed characters, introduced a darker and grittier take, showcasing early differences within the genre.
Comparing these to today's superhero films like Justice League or Thor: Ragnarok, many conventions endure, such as costumes and typical narratives of stopping global threats. However, recent successes like Iron Man and Guardians of the Galaxy have introduced significant differences: a heavier reliance on comedy and contemporary soundtracks replacing epic scores. This demonstrates how genres constantly evolve through a balance of conforming to and subverting expectations to remain new and engaging for audiences.
In conclusion, genre theory, as per Steve Neale, illustrates that genres are not fixed but constantly changing. They thrive on a delicate balance between fulfilling audience expectations through repetition of conventions and introducing novelty through difference.