How To Name Acids - The Fast & Easy Way!

Summary

This video explains the systematic way to name acids based on their constituent polyatomic or monoatomic ions. It covers the rules for different types of ions and provides various examples for clarity, including how to derive the acid's formula from its name.

Highlights

Introduction to Acid Naming Rules00:00:01

The video starts by introducing the general rules for naming acids. If an acid contains a polyatomic ion ending in 'ate', it's replaced with 'ic'. If it ends in 'ite', it's replaced with 'ous'. For monoatomic ions ending in 'ide', the prefix 'hydro' and suffix 'ic' are added.

Naming Acids with 'ate' Suffix Ions (e.g., H2SO4)00:00:46

The first example, H2SO4, contains the sulfate ion. Since 'ate' becomes 'ic', the acid is named Sulfuric Acid.

Naming Acids with 'ite' Suffix Ions (e.g., H2SO3)00:01:14

For H2SO3, which contains the sulfite ion, the 'ite' is changed to 'ous', resulting in Sulfurous Acid.

Naming Acids with 'ide' Suffix Ions (e.g., H2S)00:01:43

The example H2S, containing the sulfide ion, follows the rule for monoatomic ions. It becomes Hydrosulfuric Acid by adding 'hydro' and 'ic'.

More Examples: Perchloric, Hypochlorous, and Hydrochloric Acid00:02:13

Additional examples are provided, demonstrating the naming of perchloric acid (from perchlorate), hypochlorous acid (from hypochlorite), and hydrochloric acid (from chloride).

Naming Nitric and Nitrous Acids (HNO3 and HNO2)00:04:06

The video further illustrates the naming convention with nitric acid (from nitrate) and nitrous acid (from nitrite).

Naming Hydroiodic Acid (HI) and Acetic Acid00:05:04

Examples of hydroiodic acid (from iodide) and acetic acid (from acetate) are presented, reinforcing the previously discussed rules.

Deriving Acid Formulas from Names: Phosphoric Acid00:06:17

The video then shifts to working backward from the acid name to its formula, starting with Phosphoric Acid. By identifying the 'ic' suffix, it's linked to the phosphate ion (PO4^3-), and three hydrogens are added to neutralize the charge, resulting in H3PO4.

Deriving Acid Formulas: Phosphorous Acid and Carbonic Acid00:07:35

Further examples of deriving formulas include Phosphorous Acid (from phosphite, H3PO3) and Carbonic Acid (from carbonate, H2CO3).

Deriving Acid Formulas: Hydrobromic and Hydrocyanic Acid00:08:57

The final examples demonstrate deriving formulas for hydrobromic acid (from bromide, HBr) and hydrocyanic acid (from cyanide, HCN), highlighting an exception where cyanide is a polyatomic ion but still follows the 'hydro-ic' naming convention.