Summary
Highlights
The word 'kasarinlan' is derived from 'ka', 'sarili', and 'an', forming 'kasarilian', which then became 'kasarinlan' through metathesis (swapping of 'L' and 'N') for smoother pronunciation. It is synonymous with 'kalayaan' (freedom) and 'soberanya' (sovereignty).
The Philippines was recognized as an independent nation by the US on July 4, 1946. However, on August 4, 1964, President Diosdado Macapagal signed RA 4166, moving Independence Day to June 12, 1898, acknowledging Emilio Aguinaldo's declaration and disregarding the American (1901-1935) and Japanese (1942-1945) occupation periods.
The period of independence signifies the time after American and Japanese occupation, starting in 1946, even though American influence on the Philippine economy and politics remained strong. This independence granted the Philippines its own government, laws, Filipino leaders, and governance methods, though not entirely complete. Foreign occupations significantly influenced Filipino way of life, culture, and beliefs.
Literature played a crucial role during the independence era, covering the post-World War II years and the Third Philippine Republic. Filipino writers gained opportunities to express their feelings and sentiments through written and spoken works, fostering a nationalistic spirit and expanding Philippine literature. Young writers emerged, embracing rebellious and audacious themes in both Tagalog and English-Filipino literature.
Literary works often commemorated Japanese cruelty, criticized American intervention in government, discussed changes brought by freedom, and promoted Filipino culture. Notable writers included Alejandro G. Abadilla, Amado V. Hernandez, Genoveva Edroza-Matute, Jun Cruz Reyes, Efren R. Abueg, Liwayway A. Arceo, and Clodualdo del Mundo. Literature, through short stories and poetry, remained a form of entertainment, with 'Sinag sa Karimlan' by Jun Cruz Reyes being a prominent play of the era.