Summary
Highlights
Optical fiber uses light signals through fiber instead of electrical signals through copper. This method eliminates interference from other equipment and radio frequencies, though it requires specialized equipment for monitoring and tapping. Optical fiber signals can travel much longer distances without degradation compared to copper, making it ideal for environments with high industrial interference.
A fiber optic cable consists of a core with a high reflective index surrounded by cladding with a low reflective index. This design causes light to bounce back and forth until it reaches the other end. The fragile core and cladding are protected by a buffer coating. Connectors feature a ceramic ferrule that encases and protects the delicate fiber inside.
Multimode fiber is used for short-range communication, typically within buildings, covering distances up to 2 kilometers. It uses less expensive LED light sources. The fiber's relatively large core allows light to take multiple paths or modes, which is why it's called multimode.
Single-mode fiber is designed for long-range communication, capable of spanning several kilometers without signal regeneration. It commonly uses lasers as light sources due to the extended distances. The core of single-mode fiber is much narrower than multimode, allowing light to travel in a single path or mode.