SKP3112 SM3 M1 P2 1080p

Introduction to Empiricism00:00:00

Prof. Hazim defines Empiricism as the belief that valid knowledge is primarily acquired through the five senses. Sensation, such as sight, sound, and touch, is the foundational source of information and the primary method for verifying the truth of any statement.

Historical Context of Empiricism00:03:00

Discusses 18th-century British philosophers like John Locke and David Hume, who proposed that humans are born as a 'tabula rasa' or blank slate. Knowledge is built only after birth through the continuous intake of information from the environment via the senses.

Introduction to Rationalism00:04:37

Explains Rationalism as the contrasting school of thought, which asserts that valid knowledge is derived from rational reasoning rather than sensory input. Rationalists argue that the senses can be deceptive, offering the illusion of a bent spoon in a glass of water as a classic example of sensory inaccuracy.

The Role of Reason00:07:23

The section concludes by highlighting how Rationalists believe true knowledge and ultimate truth are achieved by using logic to correct the errors produced by the senses, placing supreme importance on the rational mind in scientific and philosophical inquiry.