Working Principle of DC Motor (animation of elementary model)

A DC motor works based on the principle that a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a mechanical force.

The motor consists of an armature, a commutator system, and permanent magnets. DC supply causes current to flow through the armature, generating force.

Explanation of how to determine the direction of mechanical force using Fleming's left-hand rule, where the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger represent force, field, and current.

The force on the armature conductors creates torque. As the motor passes the vertical position, the moment of inertia allows it to continue rotating until the commutator shifts the current.

The continuous rotation is maintained as conductors swap positions relative to the poles. Actual DC motors scale this principle by using multiple turns of coils and multiple magnetic poles.