Summary
Highlights
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that progressively destroys thyroid tissue, leading to permanent hypothyroidism. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the U.S. and the most common autoimmune disease among women, typically diagnosed between ages 35-50. Thyroid medication only supplies hormones and doesn't stop the immune system's attack on the gland, a common misconception.
Hashimoto's symptoms are unique to each individual. In the early stages and during flare-ups, people may experience hyperthyroid symptoms like heart palpitations, nausea, hair loss, diarrhea, anxiety, and internal trembling. Joint aches, a swollen thyroid (goiter), and difficulty swallowing can also occur. Later stages are characterized by more hypothyroid symptoms.
Symptoms tend to fluctuate between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. When the immune attack slows, people might feel more hypothyroid, experiencing fatigue, muscle aches, weight gain, sleepiness, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain, lack of motivation, difficulty focusing, and memory issues. This fluctuation can lead to being over or under-medicated, intensifying symptoms.
Traditional medicine often focuses solely on adjusting thyroid medication (like Synthroid or levothyroxine) based on TSH levels. This approach is problematic because it ignores the root cause – the immune system attacking the thyroid. When the immune system damages the thyroid, T3 and T4 hormones leak into the bloodstream, causing hyperthyroid symptoms, especially if combined with supplemental thyroid hormones. This can lead to overmedication and intensified symptoms.
If you experience fluctuating hyper- and hypothyroid symptoms, get tested for Hashimoto's. Comprehensive thyroid panels, including antibody tests like TPO, are crucial. Additionally, avoid iodized salt. Studies show that iodine can increase antibodies in Hashimoto's disease, potentially causing more tissue damage. Do not take iodine supplementation thinking it will help your thyroid.