Summary
Highlights
The Basi Revolt, led by Pedro Ambaristo in Ilocos Norte, stemmed from the Spanish government's ban on private basi (sugarcane wine) manufacturing and forced purchases from government stores. The Spanish forces ultimately crushed the wine-loving Ilocanos' rebellion.
This revolt was sparked by Spanish friars' land-grabbing, leading to massive looting of churches and ranches. Despite King Philip IV ordering the return of lands, friars successfully appealed, and native landowners never regained their properties.
Tamblot, a native priest from Bohol, persuaded around 2,000 Boholanos to abandon Catholicism and revolt against the Spanish. Despite initial victories, the rebels were ultimately defeated after Tamblot was assassinated by Spanish priests.
Raha Lakandula, the native Muslim ruler of Tondo, initially allied with Legazpi. However, abuses by the new Governor General de Lavezaris and Spanish encomenderos led Lakandula and Raha Soliman to revolt. The rebellion was suppressed by Spanish and Filipino colonial troops.
Capampangan leaders plotted a revolt against abusive Spanish encomenderos but were betrayed by a Filipino married to a Spanish soldier. The plot was uncovered, and the leaders were executed.
Farmers rebelled against forced labor (polo) and unfair prices under the bandala system. Led by Managuete, the armed rebels gathered but were outmaneuvered by Governor Manrique de Lara's 'divide and rule' strategy. Managuete was bribed and sent to Mexico, where he was reportedly killed.
Apolinario de la Cruz, also known as Hermano Pule, founded his own banned religious order, Confradia de San Jose. Thousands joined across various provinces, leading to an armed revolt when the Spanish military attempted to break up the order. De la Cruz was executed after many bloody battles.
Juan Sumuroy led the people of Palapag, Samar, in revolt against forced labor and Governor Diego Fajardo's orders for men to work in Cavite shipyards. The revolt spread across several islands, but Sumuroy was eventually betrayed and killed by his own rebels.
Led by Francisco Dagohoy in Bohol, this was the longest revolt in Philippine history (85 years). It began when a priest refused a Christian burial for Dagohoy's brother, leading to a large-scale rebellion. Despite numerous attempts by Spanish governor generals, Dagohoy's followers remained defiant until years after his death, eventually receiving a pardon.
Diego Silang, a trusted messenger in Vigan, witnessed Spanish injustices and declared the independence of 'Free Ilocos'. He allied with the British during their invasion of Manila, but was assassinated by his own friends for a Spanish bounty. His wife, Gabriela Silang, continued the revolt, earning the title 'Joan of Arc of the Ilocos', before she was captured and publicly hanged.