Summary
Highlights
Overview of cardiac dysrhythmias, defining them as irregular heart rhythms that cause hemodynamic instability, and outlining the lecture structure for PNLE and NCLEX preparation.
Detailed breakdown of the PQRST wave: P-wave (atrial depolarization), QRS complex (ventricular depolarization), and T-wave (ventricular repolarization/relaxation).
Explanation of the heart's electrical conduction system, highlighting the Sinoatrial (SA) node as the primary pacemaker and how it dictates the heart rate.
Criteria for normal sinus rhythm (60-100 bpm), ECG paper measurements, and the clinical significance of regular, identical waveforms.
Defining sinus bradycardia (less than 60 bpm), identifying non-pathological causes like sleep or athleticism, and discussing hemodynamic instability management via Atropine and transcutaneous pacing.
Defining sinus tachycardia (over 100 bpm), discussing triggers like stimulants and decongestants, and outlining management protocols including vagal maneuvers, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers.
Explanation of synchronized cardioversion as a last resort, emphasizing the 'basta may R pwedeng i-cardiovert' rule to safely synchronize shocks with the R wave to restart normal rhythm.