Summary
Highlights
An overview of international human rights protection, beginning with the United Nations. Key facts include its 1945 establishment, Turkey's founding membership, the New York headquarters, and the five permanent members of the Security Council (FRANCE, UK, RUSSIA, CHINA, USA).
Detailed breakdown of UN organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice (located in The Hague), and the Secretariat. Distinguishes the International Court of Justice from the non-UN International Criminal Court.
Discussion of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a non-binding guideline, and the subsequent 1966 International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, both of which became binding in 1976.
Explains the Council of Europe (46 members, headquartered in Strasbourg) and its core mechanism, the European Convention on Human Rights. Covers the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) operations, judge selection, and Turkey's role as a founding member.
In-depth look at the individual application process to the ECHR, including the requirement to exhaust domestic remedies, the 4-month application deadline, and the possibility of friendly settlements.