Summary
Highlights
This study guide covers skin disorders and diseases, lesions, and other skin conditions. Viewers are advised to consult textbooks and state reference lists for comprehensive information.
Primary lesions are characterized by color changes or elevation. Examples include: Bulla (blister with watery fluid), Cyst (fluid/pus-filled sac), Macule (flat spot/discoloration), Nodule (solid bump >1cm), Papule (small elevation, no fluid), Pustule (inflamed papule with pus), Tumor (abnormal mass, not always cancer) Vesicle (small blister with clear fluid), and Wheal (itchy, swollen lesion from insect bite or allergy).
Secondary lesions involve material on the skin surface or depressions. Examples include: Crust (dead skin cells over a wound), Excoriation (skin sore from scratching), Fissure (crack in the skin), Keloid (thick scar from excessive fibrous growth), Scale (thin, dry/oily epidermal flakes), Scar (mark after injury heals), and Ulcer (open lesion with potential fluid/pus weeping).
Disorders of the sebaceous glands include: Open Comedo (blackhead), Closed Comedo (whitehead), Milia (keratin-filled cysts), Acne (chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands), Sebaceous Cyst (large, sebum-filled pocket), Seborrheic Dermatitis (skin condition from sebaceous gland inflammation), and Rosacea (chronic condition with redness, papules, and pustules).
Disorders of the sudoriferous glands include: Anhidrosis (deficiency in perspiration), Bromhidrosis (foul-smelling perspiration), Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), and Miliaria Rubra (prickly heat with small red vesicles).
Common skin inflammations and infections include: Conjunctivitis (pink eye), Dermatitis (inflammatory condition), Eczema (inflammatory, itchy skin disease), Herpes Simplex 1 (cold sores/fever blisters), Impetigo (contagious bacterial infection), and Psoriasis (skin disease with red patches and silver-white scales).
Pigment disorders include: Hyperpigmentation (darker than normal pigmentation), Hypopigmentation (lack of pigment), Albinism (congenital absence of melanin), Chloasma/Melasma (hyperpigmentation from hormonal changes/sun), Lentigines (liver spots), Leukoderma (light abnormal patches from pigment cell destruction), Nevus (birthmark), Stain (abnormal skin patch), Tan (pigmentation change from sun/UV), and Vitiligo (hereditary hypopigmented spots).
Hypertrophies are abnormal skin growths, often benign, and include: Keratoma/Callus (thickened patch from pressure/friction), Mole (brownish spot), Skin Tag (flesh-colored outgrowth), and Verruca/Wart (hypertrophy caused by a virus).
Skin cancer types: Basal Cell Carcinoma (most common, least severe), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (more serious), and Malignant Melanoma (most dangerous). Aging skin is affected by intrinsic factors (genetics, ethnicity, gravity) and extrinsic factors (sun exposure, smoking, alcohol, stress, poor nutrition, pollution). UVA rays cause aging, while UVB rays cause burning.