Summary
Highlights
A pre-feasibility study for a micro-hydro power system assesses potential power generation from a water source and analyzes energy demand. It aims to find the optimal solution for establishing a micro-hydro power station. The study includes technical appraisals of water flow and head, and estimation of demand to ensure power availability matches consumer needs.
Measuring water flow and head is crucial to determine potential power. Flow is measured at different depths (base, surface, and 60% of depth) to get an average speed. The cross-section of the river is also measured to design the weir. Penstock length and elevation differences are measured to calculate the head and overall power. Consideration must be given to other water users and potential flooding levels for structural design.
An important stage involves assessing the environmental impact of the proposed infrastructure. This includes evaluating potential disturbances to the environment, particularly to flora and fauna. Identifying existing species in the river and surrounding area helps understand future impacts and develop mitigation strategies if necessary.
Geological assessment focuses on understanding the soil nature, water quality, and rock types to facilitate structure establishment for water diversion. It also includes hydrology aspects like water depth and slope stability, which affects sediment load and efficiency. This scope can be more detailed depending on project requirements.
A socio-economic survey is critical for understanding the community's profile, determining energy demand, and assessing their ability and willingness to pay for electricity. This survey targets household, institutional (health, education), and business sectors to ensure the energy service is affordable and sustainable. Various tools like questionnaires and focus group discussions are used to gather data.
All these components are vital for the long-term sustainability of the micro-hydro system. The pre-feasibility study aims to provide a clear 'yes' or 'no' answer on the viability of power generation. If viable, the next step involves detailed engineering designs to optimize construction costs and investment. If not, the study prevents further financial commitment.