Summary
Highlights
This section introduces the three distinct sounds of -ed in regular past tense verbs: /t/, /d/, and /id/. Examples include 'watched' (/t/), 'planned' (/d/), and 'started' (/id/).
The video explains the concept of voiced and voiceless sounds by having viewers place a hand on their throat. A voiceless sound (like /t/) produces no vibration, while a voiced sound (like /d/) produces vibration. This concept is crucial for determining the correct -ed pronunciation.
When the base verb ends with a voiceless sound (e.g., 'watch' ending in /ʧ/), the -ed is pronounced as /t/ (e.g., 'watched'). This makes it easier to pronounce as both sounds are voiceless. Examples of other voiceless endings and their /t/ pronunciation are provided, including words like 'finished', 'fixed', 'kissed', 'talked', 'stopped', and 'laughed'.
When the base verb ends with a voiced sound (e.g., 'plan' ending in /n/), the -ed is pronounced as /d/ (e.g., 'planned'). This section provides examples of other voiced endings and their /d/ pronunciation, such as 'dreamed', 'called', 'appeared', 'loved', 'stayed', 'agreed', and 'cried'.
When a verb ends in a /t/ or /d/ sound (e.g., 'start' or 'end'), the -ed is pronounced as /id/ (e.g., 'started', 'ended'). This adds an extra syllable, making the pronunciation more natural. Examples include 'invited', 'expected', 'decided', and 'needed'. In North American English, the /t/ in /id/ can sometimes sound like a 'd' (e.g., 'started' sounding like 'stardid').
The video concludes with a practice session where viewers can listen and determine the correct -ed pronunciation for various verbs, reinforcing the learned rules. Examples include 'asked', 'rained', 'demanded', 'showed', 'shopped', 'waited', 'wanted', 'coughed', and 'remembered'.