Introduction to Biochemistry

A biochemist views complex biological structures, like red blood cells, as intricate proteins. They delve into the minute structures, such as the heme group with its iron core responsible for oxygen attachment, and analyze the protein's sequence and underlying DNA. They also study the protein's function, mechanisms (involving enzymes and receptors), and the consequences of its malfunction, using sickle cell anemia as an example. This detailed understanding of molecular mechanisms is crucial for drug discovery.

Biochemistry is a highly interdisciplinary field, connecting with genetics, biological sciences, chemistry, structural biology, microbiology, immunology, developmental biology, molecular and cellular physiology, molecular pharmacology, neurobiology, and pathology. This broad scope generates diverse job opportunities, including common, specialized, potential, and non-traditional careers, allowing biochemists to contribute significantly to society.

Biochemistry is defined by combining 'bio' (life) and 'chemistry' (chemical reactions in living organisms). It is concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes within living organisms.

Living organisms are primarily composed of a few key elements: 65% oxygen, 18% carbon, 10% hydrogen, 3% nitrogen, 2% calcium, and 2% other elements. These elements combine to form macromolecules, also known as biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. These biomolecules then form complex organelles within cells, which are the fundamental units of life.