What is Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic lung disease causing lifelong breathing problems. It involves constant inflammation in the airways, even without symptoms. Lungs of asthmatic individuals react to specific triggers that may not affect others, leading to airway narrowing and difficulty breathing.

A healthy airway is clear, without internal swelling or tight muscle bands, and free of excess mucus, allowing air to move freely. In contrast, asthma can cause permanent structural changes if left untreated, leading to three main issues.

Firstly, swelling or inflammation narrows and irritates the airway, making airflow difficult. Secondly, increased mucus production clogs the airway, further reducing its opening. Thirdly, bronchoconstriction, the tightening of muscles around the airways, severely restricts the opening.

When someone with asthma encounters a trigger like dust, tobacco smoke, or even laughter, any or all of these three changes can occur, leading to an asthma attack or episode. These changes collectively narrow the airways, making breathing very difficult.