Summary
Highlights
A mathematical statement that has neither been proven nor denied by counter-example is a conjecture. A part of a theorem assumed to be true is a hypothesis, and a state of truth admitted without proof is an axiom.
Probability is defined as the number of successful outcomes divided by the number of possible outcomes. In complex algebra, the Argand diagram is used to represent the complex plane.
Terms that differ only in numerical coefficients are known as like terms. Two or more equations are considered equal if they have the same solution set. The property 'if A equals B then B equals A' illustrates the symmetric axiom in algebra.
A histogram is a frequency curve composed of a series of rectangles with steps as the base and frequency as the height. An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers where successive terms differ by a constant. A corollary is a statement of truth that follows with little or no proof from a theorem. An ogive is the graphical presentation of a cumulative frequency distribution in a set of statistical data.
The reciprocal function of cosecant is sine. For angles between 90° and 180°, the cosine is negative. To find the angle of a triangle given the length of its sides, one would use the Law of Cosines.
Coulomb's Law describes the force between two charged particles, varying directly with the magnitude of each charge and inversely with the square of the distance between them. Pascal's Law states that if external pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure will increase at every point in the fluid by that amount.
Kepler's Law describes the motion of stars, planets, and comets. Newton is credited with the accurate formulation of the laws of motion and gravitation.