Changes in Bodo Traditional Water Diversion and Cultivation Practices

Traditionally, Bodos used naodra and bhur jabnai for water diversion, often employing buffaloes and oxen for cultivation. They observed specific rites at various stages of plantation, practices unique to Bathouarian and Brahma religious Bodos.

Modern infrastructure such as concreted drainages, sluice gates, and box culverts has led to a decrease in the use of traditional methods like naodra, bhur jabnai, goi hasung, and water siphon techniques. Many associated festivals and ceremonies are also fading from relevance.

Religious reformation and conversion, particularly among Christianized Bodos, are significant factors contributing to these changes. Converts often no longer celebrate traditional ceremonies such as Mainao dikhangnai, gosa lanai, khathigasa, bijou lainai, and amthisua.