AFFIXES || Prefix Suffix Infix Circumfix || ENGLISH 7 | Week 3 || QUARTER 1 || MATATAG CURRICULUM

The video begins by defining affixes as small word particles added to a root word to change its meaning or grammatical properties. A root word is introduced as the basic part of a word carrying the main meaning, capable of standing alone or forming new words with affixes, such as 'happy' forming 'happiness,' 'happily,' and 'unhappy.' The importance of learning affixes for uncovering word meanings in poetry is highlighted with the example of 'friend' becoming 'friendly' or 'unfriendly.'

The first type of affix discussed is prefixes, which are added to the beginning of a root word, usually changing its meaning but not its grammatical category. Common prefixes are presented with their meanings and examples: 'un-' (not/opposite of) as in 'unhappy,' 're-' (again/back) as in 'redo,' 'pre-' (before) as in 'preview,' 'dis-' (not/opposite of) as in 'disagree,' 'mis-' (wrong/badly) as in 'misunderstand,' 'in-'/'im-'/'non-' (not) as in 'incomplete,' 'impossible,' 'nonstop,' 'over-' (too much/above) as in 'overeat,' and 'under-' (not enough/below) as in 'underestimate.'

The video then covers suffixes, which are added to the end of a root word, often changing its grammatical category or tense. Examples demonstrate how suffixes can change verbs to past tense ('worked'), nouns to plural ('foxes'), show possession ('apostrophe s'), form reflexive pronouns ('themselves'), create comparative and superlative forms ('faster,' 'fastest'), or change action words to nouns ('swimmer'). Additional common suffixes include: '-ful' (full of) as in 'hopeful,' '-less' (without) as in 'fearless,' '-ness' (state or quality) as in 'happiness,' '-ly' (in a certain way) as in 'quickly,' '-ment' (action or process) as in 'improvement,' '-tion' (act or state of) as in 'celebration,' '-er'/'-or' (one who performs action) as in 'teacher,' '-able'/'-ible' (capable of being) as in 'lovable,' '-ist' (one who practices) as in 'artist,' and '-ous' (full of or having qualities of) as in 'dangerous.'

The video briefly explains infixes as a special type of affix found in the middle of a word, noting their rarity in English but presence in other languages like Tagalog. Circumfixes are introduced as pairs of prefixes and suffixes used together. English examples include the circumfixes 'en- ... -en' in 'enlighten' and 'em- ... -en' in 'embolden.'

The lesson concludes with an activity to enrich vocabulary by forming new words using affixation from given root words. The examples provided are 'Creator,' 'merciful,' 'Honorable,' and 'respectable,' demonstrating how affixes transform meanings and word types in context.