How Do We Decide? Tools for Ethical Decision Making

Defining an Ethical Dilemma00:01:53

An ethical dilemma is not a choice between good and evil, but a conflict of competing values. It is often mischaracterized as a choice between two options, whereas a true dilemma requires identifying the underlying values and issues first.

The Rational Decision-Making Framework00:06:49

The speaker proposes a step-by-step rational process to handle dilemmas: stop and pause, gather facts, identify stakeholders, articulate the dilemma, list alternatives, compare alternatives to principles, weigh consequences, and finally, make a decision.

Applying the Process: Data and Stakeholders00:08:31

Effective decision-making requires objective data gathering by asking what is known and what needs to be learned. It also requires mapping all stakeholders, including 'abstract stakeholders' who are not immediately present but are still impacted.

Structuring Alternatives and Consequences00:12:24

When faced with a dilemma, create a matrix to evaluate options against values and principles. Rather than just selecting between two extremes, look for creative middle-ground options. Analyze both positive and negative consequences for all affected parties.

Justification and Execution00:16:35

Once a decision is reached, it must be justified through the reasoning process captured in your matrix, distinguishing it from simple rationalization. Strategy for execution is the final practical step.

The Role of Character00:18:36

While rational processes build clarity, ethical action ultimately rests on personal character and the will to act courageously. As Aristotle noted, ethics is character built through the habit of consistent, moral reasoning.