Khan Academy - Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system produces eggs, houses the developing fetus in the uterus during gestation, creates hormones like estrogen and progesterone, and facilitates breastfeeding after birth. It includes both internal and external organs.

Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes) receive the egg from the ovary. Fimbriae, finger-like projections, sweep the egg into the uterine tube, where fertilization by sperm is most likely to occur. Muscular contractions and specialized cells move the egg down the tube.

The uterus is a muscular, pear-shaped organ where the fetus develops. Its thick walls facilitate birth during labor. It is also involved in menstruation, the monthly shedding of its inner lining.

The cervix is the opening to the uterus; it dilates during labor to allow the baby to pass. The vaginal canal is the pathway through which the baby exits the body.

The external structures are collectively known as the vulva, which includes the labia majora (major lips) and labia minora (minor lips). Other structures include the hymen, urethral opening, vaginal opening, and clitoris.

The clitoris is homologous to the male penis and is covered by the prepuce. The vestibule is the area around the urethral and vaginal openings. The bulb of the vestibule, part of the clitoris, fills with blood during sexual arousal, putting pressure on the vaginal canal to aid in sexual intercourse.

The internal organs are located in the pelvic region. The ovaries (gonads) produce eggs (gametes) and release them once a month. They also secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone.