High Yield IM PULMONARY Review for Step 2 CK & Shelf Exam

COPD: Pathophysiology and Staging00:00:06

COPD consists of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Mortality is reduced only by smoking cessation and home oxygen. Staging is based on FEV1 percentages, with specific pharmacological treatments assigned to each severity level.

Exacerbations and Asthma Management00:02:13

COPD exacerbations are managed with IV steroids, antibiotics, and non-invasive ventilation. Asthma management is categorized into four stages, emphasizing the critical importance of intubation if PCO2 is normal or elevated during an acute asthma attack.

Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, and Pancoast Tumors00:05:02

Coverage of bronchiectasis (CF being a common cause), management of cystic fibrosis including pancreatic enzymes and dornase, and clinical presentations of Pancoast tumors, such as Horner's syndrome and SVC syndrome.

Lung Cancer Subtypes and Nodule Management00:07:17

Distinguishing between squamous cell carcinoma (PTHrP) and small cell carcinoma (SIADH, ACTH, Lambert-Eaton). The priority for a new pulmonary nodule is comparing current imaging to previous scans.

Pneumothorax, Interstitial Lung Disease, and Sarcoidosis00:08:49

Comparison of pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax treatment. Overview of ILD types and sarcoidosis, characterized by bilateral hilar adenopathy and hypercalcemia.

Mechanical Ventilation and Respiratory Failure00:11:09

Basics of ventilator management: tidal volume and respiratory rate control PCO2, while FiO2 and PEEP control oxygenation. Discussion of ARDS treatment and management of specific infections like aspiration pneumonia and Pneumocystis jirovecii.